In the midst of a three-year-long civil war, Sudan has few friends. The international community has largely left – no Western country maintains an embassy within the country. The World Food Programme and the International Red Cross run limited campaigns to deliver water or medical supplies, but the United States closed its embassy in April 2023 at the outbreak of the civil war and ceased all aid in January 2025. The European Union has committed over €200 million for aid, but deliveries rarely arrive in an appropriate manner. Meanwhile, the de facto government of Sudan, General Burhan’s Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), controlling the Eastern half of the country, is well over $56 billion in debt. Aid does little to mitigate Sudan’s…

