Reintroducing Concessional Loans into the Development Toolbox
China’s emergence as a major lender has been transformative for global development finance. As of 2017, China had become the world’s largest official lender, surpassing the World Bank, IMF, and Paris Club combined. The China Overseas Development Finance Database details 1,099 Chinese development finance commitments abroad, amounting to $498 billion between 2008 and 2021. This…






